chapter 10 cookies and other client side storage techniques
statistical pattern recognition 3rd edition
... equipment), and communications The data come in a wide variety of diverse forms – numeric, textual (structured or unstructured), audio and video signals Understanding and making sense of this vast and ... to statistical pattern recognition theory and techniques Most of the material presented in this book is concerned with discrimination and classification and has been drawn from a wide range of literature ... approaches to discrimination and Bayesian computational methods developed in the statistics literature and elsewhere Discussions provided on the motivations and theory behind these techniques will enable...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Optimal STBC Precoding with Channel Covariance Feedback for Minimum Error Probability" pot
... antenna and the nth receive antenna The channel correlation matrix is R = E hh† , h = vec(H), BACKGROUND Consider a MIMO system with M transmit and N receive antennae OSTBC is used, and a linear ... to the principal eigenvector—is nonzero, and we have eigen-beamforming On the other hand, all the eigenvectors are used when the correlation is low, and we have full diversity In the uncorrelated ... receiver correlation A system with four transmit and two receive antennae is considered The transmit correlation is given in (32), and at the receiver side, the correlation between the two antennae...
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Báo cáo y học: "A diagnosis-based clinical decision rule for spinal pain part 2: review of the literature" pps
... Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND catastrophizing Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND catastrophizing Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND coping Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND coping Diagnosis AND "low ... McKenzie Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND neurodynamics Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND neurodynamics Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND radiculopathy Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND radiculopathy ... Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND "central pain hypersensitivity" Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND "central pain hypersensitivity" Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND "central sensitization" Diagnosis AND "neck...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficient Minimum Error Rate Training and Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding for Translation Hypergraphs and Lattices" pptx
... and candidate length If E and E are the reference and the candidate translations respectively, this linear function is given by: Figure 2: Transformation of a hypergraph into a factor graph and ... rule re : X → aX1 bX2 c and T (e) = {v1 , v2 } Then we substitute X1 and X2 in the rule with candidate translations associated with line segments in envelopes Env(v1 ) and Env(v2 ) respectively ... the left and the right side of the n-gram When the arity of the edge is 2, a rule has the general form aX1 bX2 c, where X1 and X2 are sequences from tail nodes As a result, we need to consider all...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for BLEU" pptx
... May L Mangu, E Brill, and A Stolcke 2000 Finding consensus in speech recognition: Word error minimization and other applications of confusion networks Computer, Speech and Language, 14(4):373–400, ... models like an n-gram language model, HMM, IBM-1 and IBM-4 It turned out that the use of 000 best candidates for the MBR decoding is sufficient, and leads to exactly the same results as the use ... oath of office before the syrian president farouk al-shara leads sworn in by the syrian president farouk al-shara lead the constitutional oath before the syrian president low-scoring translations,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficient Path Counting Transducers for Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding of Statistical Machine Translation Lattices" pptx
... Mohri, and Michael Riley 2010 Expected 31 Michael Riley, Cyril Allauzen, and Martin Jansche 2009 OpenFst: An Open-Source, Weighted FiniteState Transducer Library and its Applications to Speech and ... unigram precision p = 0.85 and average recall ratio r = 0.74 Our translation decoder and MBR procedures are implemented using OpenFst (Allauzen et al., 2007) LMBR Speed and Performance Lattice MBR ... sequential method and both simultaneous implementations using path counting transducers ΨL n and ΨR yield the same hypotheses (allowing for n numerical accuracy); they differ only in speed and memory...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Beyond Log-Linear Models: Boosted Minimum Error Rate Training for N-best Re-ranking" docx
... optimization procedure, and more effectively boosts the training score We describe the algorithm in Section 2, report 1: experiment results in Section 3, and end with related work and future directions ... the outputs of the previous overall ranker f t−1 and current weak ranker λt PRED is a general function that takes a ranker and a M N-best lists and generates a set of M N -dim output vector y ... many open questions and one can not always find a direct analog between boosting for classification and boosting for ranking For instance, the distribution update scheme There are other ways to define...
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Some suggestions for correcting errors made by english non major first year students at HPU of pronouncing ending sounds
... learning pronunciation Besides, listening to English songs and doing exercises of pronouncing ending sounds (72 and 58%) were two chosen techniques by students and were considered as the effective ... students’ two favorite techniques in class Doing exercises of ending sounds and discussion were the two less favorite techniques with the percentage of only and 5% 19% of students considered practicing ... listening to English songs and doing exercises of pronouncing ending sounds seemed to be the most used in their classes ( 65% and 57% in turn) Besides, practicing in pairs and discussion are often...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Method for Correcting Errors in Speech Recognition Using the Statistical Features of Character Co-occurrence" pptx
... possible For two arbitrary candidates, when one of their Error-Parts includes the other, and their frequencies are the same value, the candidate whose Error-Part includes the other is accepted Condition ... possible is selected For two arbitrary candidates, when one of their Error-Parts includes the other, and their frequencies have different values, the included candidate is accepted 2.2 Similar-String-Correction ... recognition results and the corresponding actual utterance The examples below show candidates grouped according to the correct part ' < ~ > ' and the erroneous part '< ~ ~1 Error-Pattern Candidates ...
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Who Pays for Medical Errors? An Analysis of Adverse Event Costs, the Medical Liability System, and Incentives for Patient Safety Improvement ppt
... differences between urban and rural hospitals, between for-profit and other hospitals, or between Utah and Colorado hospitals In the sensitivity analysis that estimated pain and suffering awards at ... equipment and supplies required by the injury and the number of months the patient would require each These estimates were multiplied by standard equipment costs per month Burial costs Standard ... and their families bear the brunt of the other forms of economic loss, including lost earnings and lost household production, burial expenses, and medical and nursing-care costs (if the family is...
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Prostate Cancer Screening : A Decision Guide for African Americans doc
... by growing quickly, spreading beyond the prostate gland to other parts of the body, and causing death Yet other prostate cancers grow slowly and never become a serious health threat or affect ... have side effects? Side effects from prostate cancer treatment depend mainly on the type of treatment, the patient’s age, and his overall health Men can experience pain, discomfort, and other ... all the time and that is true of the PSA test and DRE The PSA test is better at suggesting that small cancers are present, especially those toward the front or sides of the prostate gland, or deep...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Derivation Trees for Treebank Error Detection" potx
... Etrees and Derivation Trees for (2abc) tree-substitution, sister-adjunction, and Chomskyadjunction (Chiang, 2003) Sister adjunction attaches a tree (or single node) as a sister to another node, and ... Joshi and Y Schabes 1997 Tree-adjoining grammars In G Rozenberg and A Salomaa, editors, Handbook of Formal Languages, Volume 3: Beyond Words, pages 69–124 Springer, New York Yoshihide Kato and ... the right in (b), and qmp did not have the same word to its immediate left in both (b) and (c), the two instances would not be surrounded by the same larger variation n-gram, and so would not...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "DECISION LISTS FOR LEXICAL AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION" pdf
... and then using the original as a fully objective standard for automatic evaluation By contrast, in traditional word-sense disambiguation, hand-labeling training and test data is a laborious and ... word, and m a y be used in conjunction with or independent of dictionaries and other lexical resources The initial step is to take a histogram of a corpus with accents and diacritics retained, and ... syntactic evidence in hand-built rules and heuristics While the scope and complexity of this effort is remarkable, this paper will focus on a solution to the problem which requires considerably less...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Story Segmentation using a Bayesian Decision Framework for Statistical Models of Lexical Chain Features" pdf
... Features Chain starts and ends We follow (Chan et al 2007) to model the lexical chain starts and ends at a story boundary with a statistical distribution We apply a window around the candidate boundaries ... Hirst, G and St-Onge, D 1998 “Lexical chains as representations of context for the detection and correction of malapropisms”, WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, pp 305–332 Morris, J and Hirst, ... stories 10 hour Mar.17th,1998 Apr.4th,1998 Approach Our approach considers utterance boundaries that are labeled in the TDT-2 corpus and classifies them either as a story boundary or non-boundary...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Feedback-Augmented Method for Detecting Errors in the Writing of Learners of English" docx
... as we will see in this section Another reason is that rules for distinguishing mass and count nouns are observable in decision lists, which helps understand and improve the proposed method A ... noun itself and used when no other applicable rules are found in the decision list for the target noun It is defined by of the target noun, £¡ ¢ where and major denote the target noun and the ... replacing and with and major , respectively 243 §§¥ ©¨¦¤ )43 ¥ or cooking, which agrees with the knowledge presented in previous work (Ostler and Atkins, 1991) ¢ £¡ 2.3 Distinguishing mass and count...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length" pptx
... there is a child on the other side of the head, it must be smaller than both i and i − 1, and the tree can be improved by swapping the position of the child from the other side and child i − Given ... outermost and on opposite sides, the next two largest children next outermost and on op- Figure 2: Placing dependents on alternating sides from inside out in order of increasing length posite sides, and ... know that i − and i must be the outermost children on their side If there are no children on the other side of the head, the tree can be improved by moving either i or i − to the other side If there...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Minimum Error Rate Training in Statistical Machine Translation" potx
... Juang, W Chou, and C H Lee 1995 Statistical and discriminative methods for speech recognition In A J Rubio Ayuso and J M Lopez Soler, editors, Speech Recognition and Coding - New Advances and Trends ... by Papineni et al (1997) and Och and Ney (2002) The use of minimum classification error training and using a smoothed error count is common in the pattern recognition and speech Table 3: Effect ... to also handle the BLEU and NIST scores instead of sentence-level error counts by accumulating the relevant statistics for computing these scores (n-gram precision, translation length and reference...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Compensating for Annotation Errors in Training a Relation Extractor" potx
... sentence s and two entity mentions arg1 and arg2 contained in s, a candidate relation mention r with argument arg1 preceding arg2 is defined as r=(s, arg1, arg2) The goal of Relation Detection and Classification ... lexical, syntactic and semantic features to represent it; in contrast, the kernel based methods (Zelenko et al., 2003; Bunescu and Mooney, 2005a; Bunescu and Mooney, 2005b; Zhao and Grishman, 2005; ... omitted) and the other class It seems that it is generally easier for the annotators to find and agree on relation mentions of the type Preposition/PreMod/Possessives but harder to find and agree...
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decision analysis for management judgment
... solution For thousands and thousands of people, tweaking, adding, removing, and devising new and ingenious ways to enhance their online stores is not so much a chore as an engaging, fun, and above all, ... tips, and tricks, it is important that you keep your finger on the pulse of the project Using the osCommerce website to discuss techniques and to share your ideas and solutions is part and parcel ... only, as you have long category and manufacturer names, and need more space on the left [ 13 ] Chop and Cream the Basic Design Let's take one of grandma's favorites and make it new! Ingredients...
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Báo cáo toán học: " Decision making for cognitive radio equipment: analysis of the first 10 years of exploration" potx
... way they learn and exploit their rules On the one hand (i), we find a set of techniques that separates exploration and exploitation phases On the other hand (ii), we find other techniques more ... frequency band to another depending on given communication constraints Thus, during the years 2002 and 2003 several task forces and researches suggested new frequency management policies and regulatory ... iteration and should derive the probability of availability of the bands based on its previous trials It provides a confidence bound on every band and selects, for the next iteration, the band most...
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